CHEMISTRY CHAPTER #1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

 





CLASS 10 QUICK NOTES

CHEMISTRY CHAPTER #1

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 


**Chemical Equation:**

- A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas.

- It shows the reactants on the left side and the products on the right side, separated by an arrow (→).


**Balancing Chemical Equations:**

- A balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms of each element on both sides.

- You balance equations by adjusting coefficients (numbers in front of formulas).


**Types of Chemical Reactions:**

1. **Combination Reaction:**

   - Two or more substances combine to form a single product.

   - A + B → AB


2. **Decomposition Reaction:**

   - A single substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

   - AB → A + B


3. **Displacement Reaction:**

   - An element displaces another element from a compound.

   - A + BC → AC + B


4. **Double Displacement Reaction:**

   - Positive ions of two compounds exchange places.

   - AB + CD → AD + CB


5. **Redox Reactions:**

   - Reactions in which both oxidation and reduction occur.

   - Involves the transfer of electrons.


**Types of Chemical Reactions:**

1. **Combustion Reaction:**

   - A substance reacts with oxygen, producing heat and light.

   - Usually involves the burning of hydrocarbons.


2. **Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (Redox):**

   - Involves the transfer of electrons from one substance to another.

   - Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.


**Importance of Balancing Equations:**

- Balancing equations is essential to satisfy the law of conservation of mass.

- It ensures that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.


**Chemical Equations and Everyday Life:**

- Chemical reactions are part of everyday life, from cooking to digestion.

- Understanding chemical equations helps explain various natural and industrial processes.


**State Symbols in Equations:**

- (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, (g) for gas, and (aq) for aqueous (dissolved in water) are used to indicate the state of substances in equations.


**Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations:**

- Start by writing the word equation.

- Convert it into a chemical equation with correct formulas.

- Balance the equation by adjusting coefficients.



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